With the cheap price and adequate performance, fuel from oil of choice for many years. However, dependence on imports and domestic production capacity is not able to meet the need demands the development of alternative fuels that are cheaper and available in nature.

Biodiesel has been reborn and began to expand its use in various countries. Consciousness that was emerging in some developing countries since the financial crisis and the increasing fuel imports.

Technically, biodiesel has better performance than diesel. Biodiesel blended diesel fuel that provides higher cetane number to 64. In comparison, regular diesel fuel cetane numbers gives 48. The higher the cetane number the more secure the dump gas emissions.

Use of biodiesel also does not require engine modifications, serves as a lubricant as well as cleaning the injectors, and can reduce carbon dioxide emissions, harmful particulates, and sulfur oxides.

Biodiesel or methyl ester derived from methanolisis process oils / fats, using trans-esterification reaction or esterification with alkaline or acid catalyst and methanol. The results of washing and drying produce biodiesel that is ready to use. From 1 kilogram of raw materials could produce at least 1 liter of biodiesel. Distillation wastes being produced glycerol and methanol that can be reused. Although only about 10 percent, glycerol into valuable byproduct that is also economical.

CPO addition there are still more than 40 types of vegetable oils as a potential biodiesel feedstock in some tropical countries, such as castor oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, and oil cured. Although it does not produce oil for palm oil, biodiesel can adjust the potential development of a local nature.

In addition to the source of abundant and renewable raw materials, production costs are cheaper.

With these conflicting views, there is little research myself. They found that the belief in man-made global warming is far more faith in God – so much evidence, but not absolute proof, and we’re not sure until we are dead.

Skeptics argue that the human contribution is negligible pollution, nature produces far more greenhouse gases than human activity. He questions the science behind climate change, because different computer simulation models for different results. They point out that ice ages in the past, although there is no industrial activity.

The supporters of man-made global warming, on the other hand, show that the recent increase in carbon dioxide levels much higher than in the past few hundred years than ever before, and there is a dramatic temperature during this period. This is not just a coincidence.

Supporters also point out that the climate models can reproduce the observed temperature trends with reasonable accuracy only the effect of greenhouse gases included in the calculations. Different climate models with different results, but it is generally true for all the computer simulations. Supporters also point out that it is almost unanimous among the man-made global warming climatologists.

They found that global warming is changing the faith of the region. A world to believe, but many North American “think tank” of all human-caused global warning to reject. There are even “think tank”, which states that if global warming is the most cost-effective approach is not easy today, and deal with the future technology will be cost-effective operation. This is called an adaptive model of global warming. Further investigation shows that many of the “think tank” funded by big business including the oil companies’ interest in preserving the status quo.

For me, the “do-nothing” approach seems most appropriate. Ignoring the problem is usually not solved, and the delayed action is generally more expensive than at the beginning of the problem. The “do nothing” – Lens only helps large companies to delay the inevitable for a while. This is similar to that used by the disinformation campaign the tobacco industry a few decades ago.

Global warming is real? To find out, I followed the open-air conditions, the new service in New Delhi, India. The city is famous for its high air pollution.

When the machine has lost altitude during the descent, the outside temperature is about minus 60 ° C to plus 32 degrees C above 3000 feet above the airport. Then, surprisingly, the temperature is reduced again until it landed at the airport by an external temperature of 29 ° C.

Therefore, the maximum temperature is about 3000 meters above the ground, which is a temperature inversion layer. In fact, the greenhouse effect in a localized area, the air pollution. No matter what the deniers say is a clear and simple evidence that pollutants from human activity really causing global warming. And unless we make immediate steps to ensure that what is happening in some cities is polluted, the plan for the future of the planet.

Global warming shows that the increase in temperature leads to lower air. The greenhouse effect supports the idea that the ozone layer affects the growth of carbon dioxide and methane. The above generalizations about the same theories as to facilitate and answer questions. The temperature rise affects coastal communities. It is important to understand how coastal communities and the value of residential and commercial properties in low-lying areas will be affected, when, how, and evasion techniques.

The Environmental Protection Agency, Research Consulting Corporation, NRCM and IPCC are just some of the company’s environmental research on global warming. A recent study by the IPCC predicts that global warming will affect coastal communities are available. Global warming is melting ice on the surface of the Earth. Places like Antarctica, Greenland, Alaska, the Alps, Andes and Rocky Mountains to see an increase in the retreating glacier. Glaciers worldwide hit about a foot a mile a year. The melted water from our water systems to increase the sea water. The IPCC stated that sea level has increased since 1900, 4-5 cm. We also predict that the sea levels rise at least 2.5 meters by 2100.

The first part of the global warming climate change. Climate change also increases the temperature about 1 degree Celsius is not the experience to 5.5 degrees Celsius by 2100. Other consequences of climate change include the presence of different weather patterns. Hurricanes, snow storms and rain in some regions of the world. Every time you increase the amount of rain or snow event, we have more water. It is true that the evaporation provides some extra rainfall and vegetation will help you see the water rising water levels. The other part of the establishment of warmer drier areas. Places like the desert dry in warmer temperatures. It is also true that in some areas, coral reefs are at the surface due to evaporation.

Many of the proposed plans for preventing an increase in temperature and water level. The California Supreme Court has suggested more stringent emissions regulations. CO2 emissions from cars is only part of the pollution problem creating the greenhouse effect. Of fossil fuels and land use changes in the established level of carbon dioxide. Studies have shown that the carbon dioxide by 31%. Cutting the forests generate more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the Earth due to the lack of plants to enjoy the available carbon dioxide.

For fossil fuels, automobile emissions, and the lack of plants in some areas of carbon dioxide continue to grow. To avoid this increase is working to create environmentally friendly vehicles to establish more stringent control of existing vehicles, forest replanting, and the changes in the natural gas to the combustion of fossil fuels. The question is rather difficult to answer. Although the reduction of carbon dioxide production, as the chain of events begins to be difficult to establish if we can stop.

As individuals, we can stop driving our cars is the smallest thing. In other words, what is more economical use of resources. We also use less energy, or at least on energy efficiency in our personal lives, we recycle goods. Natural products use a different idea to eliminate more carbon dioxide production.

Coastal communities may be affected are the low altitude areas. In the Caribbean, North Carolina Outer Banks, Japan and other Asian countries are concerned. The best protection for coastal communities to halt rising sea levels. In other instances, seawalls or retaining walls built to keep the water hit the houses, shops, and our lives. Dredging of the sea level increase and reduce the continent will take place in each country will be affected. The last option is in motion. People can be at home to save the lives of the levels rise and storms.

Cut carbon dioxide emissions, which is the consciousness of people on global warming, and to monitor changes in the Earth to help save the coastal communities. Part of the effect of land prices and investment in coastal communities. While the value of the land reduces the moment, there is every chance that over the past fifty years the land value will decrease because the increase in insurance premiums. Insurance companies are not going to want home prices to ensure that the sea will increase at a higher risk that people do not want to buy land in the danger zone.

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Limitations of petroleum and reduce the risk of gloabal warming, making people more creative in developing alternative energy sources, as did the students of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Trisakti University who developed the various energies of the vegetable.

Various forms of alternative energy plant can be seen in the Indonesia International Motor Show in Jakarta International Expo.

One of them developed alternative energy is biodiesel super or “coco water fuel” that is fuel derived from palm fruit as a substitute for diesel fuel. The term water to show that this fuel is produced from vegetable oils, as well as the additional water. In addition to being an alternative fuel, fuel is also environmentally friendly. And is currently in development research to obtain optimal results.

According to research various vegetable oils have great potential as an alternative fuel diesel engines (biodiesel) because it has similar characteristics of diesel fuel derived from petroleum (petrodiesel).

Apart from fuel oil, Trisakti students have also developed the energy derived from castor seeds and cooking (used frying oil). They’ve tested a diesel engine used cooking fuel to travel the route from Jakarta to Bali in 2010.

The advantage of this alternative energy in addition to environmentally friendly energy sources can also be updated.

The difference is, if an ordinary car emissions released through the exhaust, then the electric car emissions generated by the installation of power plants that supply electricity.

The experts from Which to submit a report that the amount of carbon dioxide gas generated power to supply electric vehicles, probably the same as greenhouse gases than gasoline-engine vehicle. Carbon dioxide produced to charge electric cars, “not much different from” with diesel vehicle emissions in the most efficient.

Electric car manufacturers say their products do not have emissions, but they ignore the fact that the owner would use a conventional power supply which produces carbon because it uses fossil fuels.

By comparison, the Smart ForTwo electric version produced 84 grams of CO2 per kilometer while the Smart ForTwo diesel produces 103 grams. Nissan Leaf generate electricity for 23,990 pounds of carbon produced 81gram/km while Volkswagen Golf 1.6 TDI Bluemotion diesel (16,830 pounds) as much as 108 grams. Mitsubishi i-MiEV electric vehicle produces 68g/km while similar, Suzuki Splash 1.3 diesel produces 131g/km of CO2.

However, electric cars are still more “green” because it did not release toxic chemicals that reduce air quality. It’s very meaningful to urban, and indeed the target is the urban electric vehicle.

Not only that. Synthetic gasoline is even claimed to be used without too much tinkering with the engine at this time. Voller said the technology was developed through a secret research project for four years at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, the prestigious. Cella Energy actually set up the company’s laboratory, in collaboration with University College London and Oxford University.

The so-called synthetic gas that is nothing but a development of the element hydrogen. This besin technology we developed based on materials of complex chemical called hydride containing hydrogen. Until now, experts are many uses hydride batteries in a number of species, such as metal-nickel batteries and batteries for cars hydrogen.

The element hydrogen long as it’s become the choice of experts as an effective fuel compared with other elements. When working, the resulting energy levels are high making it ideal to run the engine. In addition, hydrogen combustion products are environmentally friendly.

However, the use of hidrogan so far is quite troublesome, especially with regard to storage elements. Various vehicles and hydrogen-fueled engines, for example, must use high-pressure cylinder, 700 bar or 10,000 psi. Or conversely, hydrogen must be stored in liquid form in the tube-cooled, with temperatures reaching minus 253 degrees Celsius.

Actually there is another way, namely by converting hydrogen into electrical energy directly in the form of fuel cell (fuel cell). This technology is a bit much to solve the problem place. Hydrogen can be placed in a fuel cell-sized batteries or small suitcase. The problem, the energy generated is still very limited and it can not compete with gasoline.

Various conditions that would make hydrogen is not practical to use, has a security risk, and expensive to be mass produced. Prototype cars or hydrogen-fueled engine is now quite complex, the risk is high, and very costly if mass produced.

Well, Cella Energy experts claim can cope with the problem. ”If the hydrogen is handled using our patented technology, it would be more practical and even safer than gasoline,”said Prof.. Bennington. How, by placing the hydride at grain microstructure (nano-micro porous polymer beads) that have been patented Cella Energy earlier.

According to Bennington, hydride material can be made into granules with micro-nano structuring technique called coaxial electrospraying. When the hydride into micro grain, Bennington said, means the content of hydrogen in it is stored in a temperature and pressure balanced.

Bennington stated, save hydride in the form of granules nano further enhance the ability of fuel energy. In addition, this method while protecting the hydrogen from oxygen and water so as not to react.

Original form of synthetic gas that later in the form of powder or paper towels. However, according to Bennington, when heated, it will move to follow the nature of water. These conditions allow the experts Cella Energy puts it in a synthetic gasoline fuel tank ordinary. If the fuel filling station has been developed, the user can fill in synthetic petrol filling just like conventional gasoline.

”So, the technology indicates that this synthetic fuel can be used in ordinary gasoline cars without much change an existing machine,”said Voller told Gizmag.com. In addition, synthetic fuel can also be used as an additive in gasoline, diesel, or kerosene to reduce carbon emissions arising from the combustion process.

However, what about fuel energy it produces? Cella Energy experts claim that synthetic gasoline they have met the target set by the automotive industry. ”So is the effect on speed, fuel efficiency, and manufacturing process,”the official said in a statement they were in cellaenergy.com.

Do not stop till the test laboratory, a team of experts also think for synthetic gasoline that can be made in bulk. According to Bennington, the micro-shaped hydrogen storage materials that can meet the target market thanks electrospraying method earlier. ”This method allows the mass production because it can be carried out automatically,”said Bennington.

Interestingly, Bennington continued, so far a team of experts did not use the material is too expensive in the production of synthetic gasoline. Everything can be obtained naturally and processed without the expensive cost. Therefore, Voller dare say that later synthetic gasoline price was only U.S. $ 1.5 per gallon.

There has been an increase in average temperature of 0.76 degrees Celsius between the period 1850 to 2005.

11 of the last 12 years (1995-2006) were years with an average temperature of the warmest since temperature measurement was first performed in 1850.

There has been a global sea level rise on average by 1.8 mm per year between the period 1961 to 2003.

There has been more intense droughts in the wider region since the 1970s, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical.

Related to these data, the impact of climate change will lead to a strongly felt by humans, among others;

Increased Sea Level
because of rising world temperatures could melt the ice in the polar regions. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), in the last 100 years has been an increase as high as 10-25 cm of sea water. Meanwhile, according to Greenpeace’s report, expected in the coming year 2100 will increase as high as 19-95 cm of sea water. Increasing sea water as high as 1 meter will result in the loss of the island or the mainland of the world;

The loss of mainland Egypt 1%, Netherlands 6%, Bangladesh 17.5% and 80% of atolls in the Marshall Islands. Sinking of the islands, Fiji, Samoa, Vanutu, Japan, Philippines, and Indonesia. This means tens of millions of people living in coastal areas must evacuate to higher ground.

Rising sea levels will lead to lack of endurance, so vulnerable tehadap coastal erosion. This also resulted in the destruction of infrastructure and housing on the waterfront. This phenomenon could lead to displacement.

Climate change also resulted in a shift in the season due to a change in pressure and temperature. The implication dry season will last longer so and cause droughts.

Countries expected to experience droughts are Africa, Europe, North America and Australia. While on the other hand, the rainy season will last for a short time with a higher intensity rainfall causing floods and landslides.

Disaster Humanitarian Crisis
Due to lack of food supplies due to the high potential for crop failure due to erratic temperature changes, resulting in lower agricultural productivity. Agricultural productivity in the tropics will decrease if global average temperature rise 1-2 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, melting of polar ice will cause the mass expansion of sea water and sea water rising, so this will reduce the production of fish and shrimp ponds. The accumulative impact of this situation is widespread famine and widespread malnutrition.

Water Crisis
This water crisis is caused by the prolonged drought since the dry season. The condition, caused by change of seasons that are not stable, so that water rarely threatened areas experiencing water crisis. Sources of fresh water needs of dry one-third of world population in 2100. And in the middle of this century, the subtropical and tropical dry will experience water shortages as much as 10-30 percent so threatened drought.

Widespread Disease Threatens Many Species of Man.
This is caused by rising temperatures that cause the shorter the incubation period of mosquitoes. The impact, which disease is transmitted by mosquitoes will breed more quickly. The spread of these diseases especially in tropical areas, such as dengue fever, diarrhea, malaria and leptospirosis due to increasing populations of insects (mosquitoes) as vectors of disease.

Heat wave that hit Europe in 2005 increased the “heat stroke” (a strong heat stroke) is lethal, salmonella infection, and “hay fever” (allergic hay fever).

Loss of Various Types of Biological Diversity.
Changes in the earth’s temperature is erratic results in loss of species of flora and fauna because it can not adapt, and about 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will become extinct if global average temperature rose from 1.5 to 2.5 degrees Celsius. In addition, rising temperatures will increase the acidity of sea water. Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is estimated to have negative impacts on marine organisms such as coral reefs (cloral bleaching) and the extinction of other species that depend on these organisms. Thus estimated to be about 80% of plant and animal species will be extinct within a century to come. Increasing temperature resulted in the dry twig or leaf flammability due to friction thereby increasing the chance of forest fires.

Loss of Non-Matter and Materials.
Global warming, catastrophic, due to typhoons, floods and storms, approximately 150,000 people died each year. In 2003, the heat wave in Europe claimed 25,482 lives in the next 20 years (data source WHO, UNEP, and World Meteorology Council). In addition, in 2080 estimated there will be millions of people affected by floods every year due to rising sea levels. The greatest risk occurs in the densely populated lowlands, particularly the deltas of Asia and Africa and small islands. While estimates of material losses from climate change mencapi USD 11 billion, or about 110 trillion annually.

Melting of ice in the Arctic.
Climate change caused by rising surface temperatures can cause melting of ice sheets and glaciers around the world, especially in the North Pole and South Pole. Since the 1960s, the ice at the poles of the world has decreased by 10%, while the thickness of ice in the Arctic has decreased 42% in the last 40 years (Prench, 2001). Other data mentioned 10-20% loss of glaciers in the Alps also marks the result of global warming. The impact of melting of the polar North and South poles will result in the mass expansion of sea water and sea water rise.

Environmental damage that is not less fierce ensued in the ocean. As has been reported recently, no less 61% than 51 thousand square kilometers of coral reefs in Indonesian waters was in critical condition. One of them classified as severe in the Thousand Islands, an estimated 95% of coral reefs in these waters even dead.

If not immediately rehabilitated, it will undoubtedly lead to environmental damage and economic losses are very serious. Because, in essence coral reefs have a very important function as a place of spawning, the care for marine life, as well as the source germplasm.

The reason, no need to be denied again, among others, because triggered by overfishing, mangrove deforestation, and industrial estate development that violates the provisions of the environment in coastal areas. An indication of the blind, for example, can be listened to from scale theft of marine products whose value is extraordinary.

In short, step saving coral reefs from destruction, it seems, could no longer negotiable. And there are many ways you can do to it. In essence, if the Indonesian government would mean it, this step must be done in an integrated and involve all elements of society.

One example is there are some local governments along the coastal fishermen’s groups and NGOs work together to initiate the program saving coral reefs in these waters to avoid the act of destruction is widespread.

Among them through the workshop. This program tries to change the habits of fishermen that fishing techniques in deep water was still profitable and environmentally friendly than the use of explosives and narcotic substances. In addition, they began to develop the cultivation of high-value seafood such as tuna, skipjack, grouper, snapper, napoleon, squid, and shrimp.

The result of a thorough indeed could not be immediately felt. Because, to rehabilitate damaged coral reef area that, at least, takes the tempo for 10 to 20 years. However, if successful, this initiative will undoubtedly encourage the economic life of society to do better.

If that happens, then what are you waiting? Because if not, surely a more powerful disaster will befall future generations.

Public should be aware that energy restriction is important. This is so that people do not squander the budget. Thus, the subsidy could be redirected to programs that are more beneficial to society. In addition, so we can work harder to find and use the energy that is cheaper and environmentally friendly.

Nothing comparable to the increase in oil and gas production. fuel consumption in some countries continues to rise. In the course of this fuel restrictions some countries have made ​​some choices discourse.

For the next few years, predicted that energy will be exhausted, even though the exciting news we’ve heard but still just a story, because we can not fully enjoy and drilling for fossil energy resources continues to be done and is still the belle of the economy in some countries.

In the field of automotive breakthroughs have been started to drive this transport can be enjoyed by many people, such as hybrid cars or cars fueled 100% electric. hopefully with the world community’s efforts to save our earth from all disasters.

Each year, WMO always launched an international movement to make observations, research and prevention efforts to address the decline in the degree of damage to the world’s climate, global warming and so forth. For example, through discussions, seminars or other scientific activities, followed by experts from the many ways of disciplines, ranging from experts meteorology, climatology, environment and others.

Weather is defined as the average state of the air at a certain time limit and place. While the climate comes from the Greek, Klima, defined as a tendency (inclination). Climate represents average weather conditions in a wide area within a period of time. WMO climate defined as the total of all atmospheric elements such as solar radiation (long and intensity), humidity, clouds, rain and wind (direction and velocity) within a period of 30 years.

So explain the earth’s climate system in the future, let alone memprediksikannya is not an easy job. There are many factors and variables that influence it. These factors are generally categorized into three groups. terebut third factor is:

1. Covering all elements of the carrier directly and indirectly the climate system itself, such as the dynamics of glaciers, oceans and natural patterns of the surface of the earth’s climate (the water cycle, atmospheric circulation, ice and snow, water vapor and clouds).

2. The forces that affect other major factors such as global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions, a shift in plate tectonics, and solar radiation, including volcanic activity and changes in Earth’s orbit.

3. Human activities such as the use and burning of fossil fuels (petroleum), aerosols (CFC gases that are released air conditioning and refrigeration), industrial, forest logging and land use changes.

Peak Fragility
As we know, climate elements such as temperature and rainfall, highly dependent on the energy balance between the earth and atmosphere. On average amount of solar radiation is absorbed by the earth would be equal to the amount of radiation released into the atmosphere, so that radiation is released causing our earth’s atmosphere to warm. Solar radiation and the atmosphere is the main determinant of the earth’s climate system.

Of all the global climate change can be seen that there is no indication of the disaster will subside. Even recent developments seem more frequent and widespread in areas previously not a disaster.

This can be studied and examined as the impact of weather and climate variability. Current conditions are so alarming, some time ago appears catastrophe that took the lives property and life, ranging from floods, flash floods, landslides, high winds, thunder and lightning flashes that often take casualties.

These events in fact have become the focus of attention of researchers and practitioners concerned. But not yet seen efforts in disaster management, especially formulate a comprehensive planned course of action in mitigation and anticipation. This perception is presented as experience shows, after the disaster passes, the natural condition again abandoned and forgotten without any efforts to prevent similar disasters in order not happen again.

Natural conditions and environment is currently in the top of fragility to withstand extreme weather conditions exist especially extreme weather. Some time ago we disusguhi extreme hot weather, direct heat we feel when out of the house. The weather grew hot because there is no longer sufficient to hedge trees to reduce heat.

In some big cities, the rain has caused flooding a little while because of water channels and rivers are filled with garbage. Flash floods and landslides often occur at this time due to the loss of vegetation on the slopes or up the river, but not too heavy rainfall flushed the area. This indicates that the actual weather conditions ‘not cruel’ but humans destroy nature and the environment resulting in disaster.

Warning
Information and warnings to alert the public to deal with the effects of weather disasters in order not to be very important. Weather (rain, heat, high winds and so on) is something that can be expected but can not be prevented his arrival. So the important thing is the anticipation of the weather conditions are expected to appear for no adverse impact to human disasters.

This warning intentionally is raised to remind us all that the natural conditions and environment around us is increasingly vulnerable to disasters due to weather and climate that tend esktrim. Global natural phenomenon of El Nino and La Nina, gave instructions that the weather and climate patterns in the universe of situations and conditions are not uniform with the level of the emergence of trends in weather and climate conditions esktrim esktrim wet or dry.

Esktrim dry periods tend to be longer, and esktrim wet tend to be short but high intensity rainfall which is sometimes followed by the emergence of strong winds and lightning bersahut-replication. Need an education to the community as a whole that they should remain vigilant because they live in disaster prone areas.